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Frank Muir. An Irreverent and Almost Complete Social History of the Bathroom. New York: Stein and Day, 1983.
In ancient times, before the invention of paper, the cleaning-off problem was solved in a number of ways. Water was the answer where water existed. Failign that it was a matter of using a scraper or an abrasive.
The Romans favored a kind of minature hockey-stick (in wood or precious metal according to the user's status, or a sponge on the end of the stick . . .
In desert areas it was normal to use sand, powdered brick, or earth. A book on Muslim law published as late as 1882 . . . recommends using stones: 'There shall be three stones employed or three sides of the same stone'.
A favourite scraper throughout the ages, probably because of its convenient shape and easy availability, was a mussel shell.</blockquote. Aside from the Muslim law text, of course, Muir gives no sources. *rolls eyes* though he does quote a mention of the mussel-shell in a 1751 text, which doesn't date it to our period.
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Date: 2007-05-24 07:55 pm (UTC)no subject
Date: 2007-05-24 08:31 pm (UTC)It's the other reason Sears Catalogs were so important about 100 years ago.
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Date: 2007-05-25 01:57 am (UTC)no subject
Date: 2007-05-24 08:03 pm (UTC)no subject
Date: 2007-05-24 09:09 pm (UTC)no subject
Date: 2007-05-24 10:09 pm (UTC)no subject
Date: 2007-05-24 10:23 pm (UTC)no subject
Date: 2007-05-24 10:49 pm (UTC)Yep, looks like we now have a clue what was up with the three shells...
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Date: 2007-05-24 11:15 pm (UTC)John Spartan: [whispering to Lenina] Look, I don't know if you guys know it, but uh... you're out of toilet paper.
Alfredo Garcia: [confused] Did... did you say toilet *paper*?
Lenina Huxley: Um... they used handfuls of wadded paper back in the 20th...
[Lenina, Alfredo, and Erwin all laugh]
John Spartan: I'm happy that you're happy, but the place where you're supposed to have the toilet paper, you've got this little shelf with three seashells on it.
Erwin: He doesn't know how to use the three seashells!
[Erwin continues to laugh, then calms down]
Erwin: I can see how that could be confusing.